Ozonotherapy: the mechanism of action, the technique of conducting, indications and contraindications

Ozone therapy is a procedure that uses ozone - a unique remedy that preserves and restores the natural beauty and health of the skin.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]

Ozone therapy: indications for use

1. Dermatology:
   • acne;
   • furunculosis;
   • pyoderma;
   • herpes;
   • fungal lesions;
   • psoriasis;
   • neurodermatitis;
   • eczema;
   • red flat lichen;
   • scleroderma;
   • bullous dermatoses.
2. Cosmetology:
   • prevention of aging;
   • care for dehydrated skin;
   • improvement of the face oval (skin lifting in the area of the "second chin", neck and décolleté);
   • telangiectasia;
   • scarring;
   • alopecia;
   • cellulite.

The use of ozonotherapy in the treatment of "problem skin"

To treat the "problem" skin for all types of skin aging methods of local and systemic ozone therapy are used.

Local - subcutaneous introduction of the ozono-oxygen mixture, the use of ozone-animating cosmetics. Subcutaneously, ozone is injected at points in the places of wrinkles and in other areas with signs of wilting (chin, neck, etc.), and also in the presence of an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat in the submaxillary and cheek-chin areas. The oxygen-ozone mixture is introduced into the paraorbital area to correct wrinkles around the eyes, under the forehead and nasolabial folds. With the use of ozone, there is a rapidly progressive decrease in body fat. Adipose tissue becomes more dense and compact. A good result can be achieved in correcting the "double" chin, lifting and shaping the face oval.

Ozone therapy of telangiectasia

When introduced into the lumen of the vessel with a microneedle ozone-oxygen mixture with a high concentration of ozone, the gas fills the entire vascular network of telangiectasis, and pain sensations are minimal (easy tingling). Under the influence of high concentrations of ozone, oxidation and total destruction of membranes of endotheliocytes occur, as a result of which the complete disappearance of telangiectasis immediately occurs, with no evidence of its existence at this site.

Ozone therapy acne

A technique is used for local splitting of inflammatory foci (infiltrates, pustular elements) with an ozonoacid mixture in combination with the course of magnetotherapy. The depth of injection and the number of injections for one foci depend on the size of the inflammatory element. To each point, up to 5 cm ^{3 of the} ozone-oxygen mixture is introduced . On average, the course of treatment requires 5-6 procedures with an interval of 5 days. All patients experience clinical improvement after the first procedure. This is reflected in the softening of infiltrates, reducing puffiness, exudation, hyperemia, soreness. The duration of treatment is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with traditional methods.

String ozonotherapy

Skin striae ("stretch marks") often accompany the phenomena of edematous fibro-sclerotic lipodystrophy (cellulitis) and are usually located on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, mammary glands. They can be a serious cosmetic defect and represent a significant difficulty for treatment. Ozone therapy is one of the most effective ways of their correction. Treatment is carried out by subcutaneous injection of an oxygen-ozone mixture with low ozone concentration. It is also advisable to combine ozonotherapy with acid peeling of problem areas.

Ozone is also indispensable in early postoperative rehabilitation in order to prevent complications. It promotes lymph drainage strengthening, formation of microcirculation, improvement of tissue trophism, stimulation of metabolic processes. The effect is noticeable after one or two procedures: edema, tissue tightening, soreness decrease. After 4-5 procedures, the sensitivity of the skin is restored, the hyperemia decreases and the feeling of contraction in the area of postoperative sutures

Ozone therapy with hypertrophic scarring

Scarring of the scar with ozone causes the disappearance of the feeling of tightening the skin, blanching and softening of the scars, and further their resorption. As a result, the scar area is significantly smoothed, the elasticity of the tissues is restored.

Ozonotherapy of focal alopecia

Ozone-oxygen therapy for patients with focal alopecia is carried out in the form of intravenous drip infusions of ozonized saline in combination with subcutaneous injections of oxygen-ozone gas mixture directly into the centers of alopecia on the scalp. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that in the affected tissue, in response to the action of the oxygen-ozone mixture, vasodilation and improvement of microcirculation occur, contributing to the elimination of regional hypoxia.

Mechanism of action of ozonotherapy

Subcutaneously injected ozone activates metabolic processes and promotes the accumulation of macroerges in the cells, normalizes active membrane transport (K-Na-nacoc), erythrocyte deformability, blood viscosity, permeability and electrical properties of membranes, increasing the intensity of energy processes by increasing oxygen utilization by cells, due to activation aerobic glycolysis, Krebs cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids and by optimizing the oxygen-transport function of the blood (in the presence of ozone, erythrocytes are capable of yazat make 10 times as much oxygen, it is easier to give it to the tissues). In addition, "oxidative stress" is prevented, the activity of the antioxidant defense system is increased and the destructive effect of free radicals is neutralized. The volume of tissue fluid in the deep layers increases, the natural ability of the skin to retain water is restored, and as a result, "crow's feet", deep wrinkles are smoothed out and disappear, and a rejuvenating effect is achieved.

The fundamental difference between ozonotherapy and other cosmetic products and procedures is its two-fold action, both on the surface and from the inside of the body, which leads to normalization of nutrition, oxygenation, moisturizing, protecting and restoring metabolism in the skin. General cleansing, healing and toning is achieved, cosmetic effect. Ozone therapy, without masking skin imperfections, normalizes its natural functions and stimulates independent work.

Effects of ozone therapy

1. Suppression of bacterial, fungal and viral infections:
   • activation of factors of nonspecific protection;
   • ozonolysis of the microorganism membrane;
   • disruption of communication with cellular receptors;
   • inactivation of the enzymes of the virus (reverse transcriptase)
2. Stimulation of metabolism:
   • improved synthesis and consumption of glucose;
   • selective destruction of LDL and TG;
   • an increase in the concentration of HDL and a-cholesterol;
   • increase in ATP stocks;
   • improvement of transport and utilization of oxygen;
   • decrease in the concentration of under-oxidized products in plasma and cells.
3. Improvement of blood circulation:
   • increased deformation of erythrocytes;
   • protection of erythrocytes from LPO;
   • activation of the enzyme NO-synthetase;
   • reduction of platelet adhesion;
   • hypocoagulation.
4. Reduction of inflammation activity:
   • improvement of microcirculation in the edema zone;
   • suppression of arachidonic acid synthesis;
   • blocking the synthesis of leukotrienes.
5. Anesthesia:
   • oxidation of mediators of pain;
   • suppression of the synthesis of toxic products.
6. Detoxification:
   • stimulation of metabolism in hepatocytes,
   • improvement of neuron function;
   • purification of microcirculatory depots.
7. Immunostimulation:
   • change in the composition and activity of T cells;
   • induction of the synthesis of cytokines and interleukins;
   • increased activity of phagocytosis.
8. Increase in activity of medicamental agents:
   • improving the conditions for their delivery and penetration into the cells.

[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Methods of ozonotherapy

1. Autohemozonotherapy:
   • v / k and n / k obkalyvanie;
   • flowing or accumulative;
   • introduction to acupuncture points;
   • rectal insufflation.
2. Ozonization of liquids (distilled water, oil, physiological saline):
   • per os;
   • installations;
   • irrigation of lesions;
   • bath.

In the treatment of ozone, great importance is attached to improving microcirculation, oxygenation, energy supply to cells, nutrition and skin protection. Many cosmetic problems - acne, rosacea, hair loss, all types of aging, allergies, cellulite, obesity - are a reflection of the internal state of the body, so they need to be treated not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Ozone perfectly handles this, providing detoxification, antimicrobial antiviral action, increasing the body's immunity. After the introduction of ozone, the metabolism of tissues immediately increases, the cells begin to renew and rejuvenate.

Ozone therapy: contraindications for use

Ozone therapy is contraindicated in persons suffering from the following diseases: acute phase of myocardial infarction, acute alcoholic psychosis (alcohol intoxication), convulsive syndrome, acute pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism, arterial hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, thrombocytopenia, internal bleeding.

Menstrual bleeding is not an excuse for canceling the procedure (there may be a slight lengthening of menstruation and a slight increase in total blood loss).

Alternative methods: mesotherapy, phonophoresis, electrophoresis, mycortic therapy.