Facial and neck massage

History. Massage originated in ancient times as one of the means of alternative medicine. The origin of the word itself is explained in different ways. Some philologists believe that the term originated from the French verb "masser" - rubbing, which, in turn, is borrowed from the Arabic language: "mass" - touch, touch or "maschs" - gently press. Others believe that the word "massage" has its roots in the Sankrit language ("makch" - touch), in Greek ("masso" - with the hands), in Latin ("massae pestering the fingers") and Old Russian ("mashasha" - feel) .

The massage was distributed in the countries of the Ancient East, in particular ancient China. Literary sources indicate that the massage is known there already in the XXV century. BC. E. The Arabs had a massage known for 12-15 centuries BC. A huge contribution to the spread and development of massage was made by the doctor and philosopher Ibn Sina (Avicenna). He created a massage classification (strong, weak, preparatory, restorative). Then the massage began to spread to neighboring countries - Persia, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia. The ancient Greeks used medical, sports and hygienic massage, calling these species "apitherapy". Their first propagandists were Herodikos and Hippocrates. The interest to massage in XIV-XV centuries revives. After the publication in Europe of works on human anatomy Italian scientist XVI century. Mercurialis in the multivolume study "The Art of Gymnastics" systematized the works of scientists of past centuries and described new methods of massage.

A major role in the development of therapeutic and health-improving massage at the beginning of the XIX century. Played by Peter Henry Ling - the founder of the Swedish system of massage and gymnastics. From the middle of the XIX century. In many countries of Europe there are works on massage techniques, in which the authors try to scientifically justify the effect of massage on various organs and systems of the body. Developed indications and contraindications to its use, describes massage techniques. A significant role in the rethinking of massage techniques, the classification of its methods belongs to French doctors. A significant role in the development and scientific substantiation of the use of massage played and Russian doctors. At the end of XIX century. In Russia there were centers for training specialists in therapeutic massage. The school of massage was founded by EI Zalesova (in Petersburg), K .. G Soloviev (in Moscow). Implementation of massage in clinics, hospitals, cosmetic rooms contributed to the works of NV Sleton.

The greatest merit in the development of the theory and practice of massage at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Belongs to the Russian scientist IV Zabludovsky. I consider him the founder of the domestic hygienic massage. The mechanism of the therapeutic massage for oily skin and plastic massage was explained in his works by Professor AI Pospelov. Currently, a prominent role in the development of practical massage is played by NA. White, VI Dubrovsky, AA Biryukov. VI Vasichkin, VN Fokin and others.

Massage - a set of special techniques through which the dosed mechanical and reflex action on the tissues and organs of a person performed by the hands of a massage therapist or special apparatus and conducted with a therapeutic and preventive purpose

At the heart of all types of manual massage are mechanical movements. Irritations that they cause through the nerve endings are transmitted to the brain and reflexively cause changes in various tissues and organs of the person.

The effect of massage on the body is manifold. The effect of massage on the skin is that the horny scales are removed from the skin, the flow of arterial blood to the massaged area and the zone closest to it increases, so that the local temperature increases, the blood supply of tissues improves, and the enzymatic processes become stronger. Under the influence of massage, the venous and lymph flasks grow, which, in turn, helps to reduce swelling and stagnation not only in the area of the massaged area, but also in the periphery. The basis for the activation of microcirculation is a mechanical effect on the skin, mainly due to the capture of the fold (pinch mechanism). It is the mechanical study that allows not only to increase the outflow of the lymphatic component, but also to activate the influx of arterial blood. Improvement of skin respiration, increased secretion of skin glands promote the removal of metabolic products from the body. Under the influence of massage, the secretion of histamine, acetylcholine is enhanced, which creates favorable conditions for muscular activity, accelerating the transmission of nervous excitation from one element to another.

Influencing the numerous receptors of the skin, massage causes a response of the body, which can be different (from soothing to excitation, from inhibition to toning) depending on the techniques used, on the strength, duration and rate of their action.

Skin first perceives the irritation, produced by various methods of massage. In addition to the skin flap, depending on the depth and strength of the effect, the massage has a direct effect on the lymphatic system, venous, nervous system, muscular apparatus, as well as internal organs and tissues.

Classification

There are several schools of massage.

European. Includes those massage practices where, with the knowledge of anatomy and physiology, through palpation, it is possible to influence various systems and organs. This is working with what is visible and understandable, how and how it functions.

In the national school of massage, there are 3 main massage techniques - classical (hygienic), therapeutic and plastic massage. There are several lymphatic drainage techniques that were first distributed in France, Spain and currently used in Russia. Also recently, Spanish massage techniques - chiromassage and neurosedative massage - have spread.

Eastern. Oriental techniques are based on knowledge of energy points, biologically active points, chakras. According to them, the human body is permeated with certain energy channels that conduct through themselves different types of energy, responsible for the proper operation of each organ. Types of oriental techniques - ayuvedic massage, shiatsu, Thai massage, Tibetan massage, reflexive foot massage. The main types of cosmetic facial massage:

• classical (hygienic),
• plastic,
• therapeutic,
• lymphatic drainage,
• chiromassage,
• neurosedative,
• segmental-reflex,
• self-massage.

Massage methods:

• manual,
• hardware,
• combined.

Classic (hygienic) massage of the face, neck, decollete is performed by a special massage device (oil or cream) containing various active substances.

Indications for the procedure:

1. Withering skin of face and neck.
2. Weakened muscle tone of the face.
3. Violation of the function of the sebaceous glands (decrease in the activity of sebum).
4. Pastosity and swelling of the soft tissues of the face.
5. Fine-wrinkled type of aging
6. Deformational type of aging.
7. Photoaging

Massage is used for paresis of the facial nerve, for neurasthenic conditions in women, for hypertensive disease of stages I-II, with vega-vascular dystonia with a tendency to increase arterial pressure in cerebrovertibular insufficiency, spondyloarthrosis and osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine.

Contraindications

Are common:

• Diseases of the cardiovascular system:
  • acute inflammatory diseases of the myocardium and heart membranes;
  • rheumatism in the active phase;
  • heart valve defects in the stage of decompensation and aortic defects with prevalence of aortic stenosis;
  • circulatory failure of II-III degree;
  • coronary insufficiency;
  • arrhythmias;
  • Stage III hypertension;
  • late stages of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis with phenomena of chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency III stage;
  • vasculitis;
  • thrombolyterating diseases of peripheral arteries.
• Inflammation of lymph nodes and vessels.
• Diseases of the blood.
• Diseases of the autonomic nervous system in the period of exacerbation.
• Tuberculosis, active form.
• Acute feverish conditions, high body temperature.
• Acute inflammatory processes
• Diseases of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) during decompensation
• Oncological diseases before their surgical treatment.
• Excessive mental or physical fatigue.
• Common severe conditions with various diseases and injuries.

Local:

• Neuritis of the facial nerves in the stage of exacerbation.
• Causalgic syndrome after peripheral nerve injury.
• Violation of the integrity of the skin.
• Pyoderma of any localization.
• Fungal diseases of the skin and scalp in the acute stage.
• Viral dermatosis in the stage of exacerbation (herpes, molluscum contagiosum, etc.).
• Diseases of the facial skin in the acute stage:
  • acne disease;
  • rosacea;
  • psoriasis;
  • atopic dermatitis;
  • perioral dermatitis.
• Hypertrichosis

The duration of the massage is 30-40 minutes (not less than 15 minutes for patients with a tendency to lowering blood pressure).

Purpose of massage

The procedures are carried out every other day or twice a week. Depending on the patient's age, the number of procedures varies during the course and the number of courses per year. Massage with a preventive purpose is prescribed from 23-25 years. Up to 30-35 years it is recommended to carry out 2 courses of massage a year for 10-15 procedures each, after the course - supporting procedures 1 time in 15-30 days. Since 35 years, it is recommended to carry out 2-3 courses per year for 15-20 procedures.

The main methods of massage used in classical massage

When performing a massage, five basic techniques are used:

1. stroking;
2. trituration;
3. kneading;
4. effleurage;
5. vibration.

All movements are performed rhythmically, with a score of 4 or 8.

Stroking is one of the most commonly used movements. They start and finish the massage. Stroking is a rhythmic movement, in which the hand slides on the surface of the skin with different degrees of pressure, while not shifting the skin and the underlying tissues relative to each other. Depending on the strength of the pressure, stroking can have a calming or stimulating effect on the nervous system. For example, superficial soft stroking calms, deep pressing - excites. All types of stroking should be done slowly and rhythmically, palmar surface in one direction. You should avoid possible mistakes during stroking:

• strong pressure, leading to painful discomfort in the patient;
• sudden movement at a rapid pace, which leads either to loose contact of the hands with the skin or to the displacement of the skin and underlying tissues instead of sliding along it.

Rubbing is a technique in which the hand does not slip over the skin, but displaces it, producing shearing, stretching in different directions. Rubbing is more intensive than stroking. Produced by the palm surface of the fingertips or the back of the middle I phalanges II-V fingers bent into a fist. Rubbing has a profound effect on the tissue, is a preparation for kneading. The technique of grinding can be different - circular movements, zigzag, "sawing". "Sawing" is most often used in the presence of fat deposits under the chin, as well as when working in the region of the cervical region, the back, while the movement is performed simultaneously with two hands by the ulnar edge of the brushes, located at a distance of 2-3 cm. Brushes move parallel to each other friend in opposite directions. It is illiterate to perform grinding with sliding on the skin instead of shifting it; At the same time, painful discomfort should be avoided and care should be taken to ensure that rubbing is carried out by fingers bent in interphalangeal joints, rather than by straight lines, which can be painful for the patient.

Kneading is one of the main techniques in massage, in which fixation, the grasping of a massaged muscle, its squeezing and deep working are carried out. Kneading is more profound. To achieve a better effect, this method should be done slowly.

Pokolachivanie - reception in a massage, which consists of a series of jerky strokes with terminal phalanges of the fingers. Beveling is performed continuously with the moving fingers of both hands simultaneously, while hands touching the massaged area are immediately removed from it. When doing this movement, it is important to make sure that the brush is relaxed, the movement of the brush is made in the wrist joint. The variant of effleurage is stakatto, in which the fingers work not simultaneously, but consistently, one after another.

A more vigorous kind of effleurage - pokolachivanie all fingers at the same time, is used in obese persons, with fatty deposits.

Vibration is the method of massage, in which the palm surfaces of the hands perform fast vibrational movements either in a limited area, or gradually moving, on the entire surface to be treated. Vibration is produced by the palm surface of the hands or the ends of the fingers, straining the muscles of the forearm and shoulder, while the brush should remain relaxed.

The main movements during the massage are combined and performed in a clearly defined sequence. To achieve the best effect, you must follow certain rules of the massage:

1. Massage movements should be directed from the bottom up and from the center to the periphery.
2. Massage should be started with gentle and gentle movements, their intensity (speed and pressure) increased gradually, and by the end of the session, reduce.
3. The movements of the hands should be smooth and rhythmic to a specific score (4, 8). All movements are repeated 3 times.
4. Massage movements should not move and stretch the skin, the movements should be sliding, slightly pressing
5. At the end of each exercise, you need to perform an easy fixation, which creates a feeling of calm and relaxation.
6. In the process of massage is not recommended to tear off the hands from the skin of the face, neck, make sharp transitions from the forehead to the chin.
7. The strength and intensity of the massage should be made taking into account the lines of the face, age, skin condition and muscles of the patient's face.
8. Massage of the face should cause the patient only pleasant sensations.
9. During facial massage, the patient should not talk, the facial muscles should be relaxed.
10. Immediately after the massage is not recommended to go out in the cold season.

Massage techniques

Classic cosmetic massage consists of several obligatory stages.

1. massage of the back surface of the neck and shoulder girdle;
2. classic massage proper:
   1. face massage;
   2. massage the front surface of the neck.

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