In 1968, during the outbreak of OKZ among schoolchildren and teachers in the city of Norwalk (USA), the agent of this outbreak, a virus called Norwolk, was discovered.
First isolated from animals in 1932, and in 1976 were found in feces of children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Now they are separated into an independent family - Caliciviridae.
Astroviruses can cause diarrhea in animals. Astroviruses have a size of about 28 nm. The genome is represented by single-stranded RNA. Astroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae.
The causative agent (HDV) was detected in 1977 by M. Rizetto and co-workers in hepatocyte nuclei in patients with chronic hepatitis using immunofluorescence.
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a spherical shape, diameter 27-34 nm, the type of symmetry of the nucleocapsid is icosahedral, there is no outer shell.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, the genus Hepacivirus; has a supercapsid, spherical shape, diameter 55-65 nm.
The genome of the G virus is a single-stranded unfragmented positive RNA of 9500 bases in length. The structural organization of the genome of the G virus is similar to that of HVC.
The virus was discovered by the Japanese scientist T. Nishizava (T. Nishizava) (and others) in 1997 in the patient's serum (TT - the initials of the patient), but not in the form of a virion, but as a fragment of his genomic single-stranded annular minus-DNA 2, 6 kD.
Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal disease with a predominant lesion of the skin, as well as internal organs and lymph nodes.
Under the name "arboviruses" (Latin Arthropoda - arthropods and English borne-transmitting) are now understood as viruses transmitted by susceptible vertebrates (including humans) through the bites of blood-sucking arthropods.