The causative agent of tularemia - Francesella tularensis - was isolated from more than 100 species of mammals, birds and insects; mainly people who have contact with animals are infected, but contamination is possible with the use of contaminated meat and water, with bites of ticks and other vectors. Vaccination against tularemia live dry - lyophilized culture of live tularemia microbes of vaccine strain 15 NIIEG.
Cholera is endemic in many countries. Inoculation from cholera is carried out with the threat of a drift in the border areas. 2 cholera vaccines are used.
In Russia, more than 20,000 people living in the territories of natural foci of plague (Altai, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Tyva, etc.) are at high risk of being infected with plague. Vaccination against the plague should be given to these people, as well as to persons working with live cultures of the causative agent of the plague.
Vaccination against hemophilia is recommended in all national calendars. WHO notes that "a lack of data on morbidity should not be a reason for delaying the introduction of Hib vaccines."
Pneumococci cause the most frequent bacterial infection of humans, according to WHO, it causes 1.2 million deaths per year, more than 40% of deaths of children 0-5 years - community-acquired pneumonia in Russia 1.5 million per year, pneumococci cause 76% of in adults and up to 90% in children under 5 years old, including those complicated by pleurisy and destruction. Vaccination from pneumococcal infection significantly reduced the incidence of pneumococcal infection.
Vaccination from dysentery Sonne is administered to children from 3 years of age and adults. Priority vaccination against dysentery Sonne is recommended for: workers of infectious hospitals and bacteriological laboratories
The disease varicella is caused by a virus from the herpes virus group. The infection is extremely contagious. Reduction of the network of nurseries and kindergartens has led to the growth of the non-immune stratum (in England and the United States - 4-20% of people aged 20-25), so that chickenpox (chicken pox) in children, adolescents and adults has become common and proceeds with them heavier. Vaccination from chickenpox has significantly reduced the incidence of chicken pox.
The difficulty in creating a vaccine against rotavirus infection, the pathogens of which have many serotypes, was overcome by observing that 2 of the rotavirus diseases carried by a child - usually at an early age - make it immune to infection with rotaviruses of any serotype.
Of more than 120 types of human papillomavirus, more than 30 types infect the genital tract. Infection of women with HPV is an important factor in the development of cervical cancer, HPV was detected in 99.7% of biopsies in both flat-epithelial carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has significantly reduced the incidence of cervical cancer.
Acute respiratory diseases are the most frequent pathology of childhood: every year children suffer from 2-3 to 10-12 ARI, which are caused by more than 150 pathogens and their variants.