Measles, mumps and rubella - these 3 infections have both a similar epidemiology in many respects and the characteristics of vaccines that allow them to be combined, which justifies their joint presentation.
The vaccination against influenza only since 2006 is included in the National Calendar. In Europe, there is a continuous record of cases of influenza, and although it is far from complete, the vaccination against influenza has reduced the incidence.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection of a person in contact with a sick animal or its secretions, as well as when using an infected non-pasteurized milk or dairy products. A vaccine against brucellosis is necessary for professional groups (persons over 18 years old).
Typhoid fever is an intestinal infection, endemic in many developing countries. In recent years, epidemics of typhoid fever have been observed in a number of CIS countries, in Central Asia. According to WHO, more than 500,000 people die of typhoid fever every year. Most often, people are sick at the age of 5-19 years, so vaccination against typhoid should be given to schoolchildren in endemic areas. In Russia in 2007, 91 people became ill (16 children).
Hepatitis A is an acute infectious disease caused by an RNA-containing virus that spreads by the fecal-oral route. In regions with a low sanitary standard of living, the incidence peak falls on early childhood and preschool age; Hepatitis A in children usually proceeds in mild form, becoming immune for life.
Yellow fever is common in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Since 1985, there have been 15 major outbreaks of the disease, of which 11 are in Africa. Since 1991, vaccination against yellow fever (in 24 countries in Africa and 9 - South America) has been included in the Expanded Program on Immunization. In Ukraine and Russia, yellow fever vaccination is given to people traveling to endemic countries.
Tick-borne encephalitis is caused by flavivirus, transmitted by ixodid mites, and cases of infection through fresh milk are described. After a 10-day incubation period, catarrh, fever, headache, joint pain, CNS lesions (encephalitis - 30%, meningitis - 60%, meningoencephalitis - 10%). Vaccination from tick-borne encephalitis in endemic areas has led to a reduction in the incidence
The vaccine against leptospirosis is a concentrated inactivated liquid polyvalent, Russia is a mixture of inactivated cultures of leptospira of four serogroups. Preservative is formalin. Store at 2-8 °.
Vaccination against meningococcal infection in the form of polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines types A and C in persons older than 2 years is immunogenic and provides protection for at least 3 years (at least 2 years in children); their epidemiological effectiveness is 85-95%.
The anthrax vaccine is a live dry one for subcutaneous and scarifying application - live spores of the vaccine strain of STI lyophilized in a 10% aqueous solution of sucrose.