The national calendar of preventive vaccinations, adopted in Russia in 2002, provided protection against 9 controlled infections. It contained a provision on the simultaneous introduction of all vaccines laid down by the child in different parts of the body, based both on immunological data and on the data on the absence of an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions and complications.
In the list of mandatory vaccinations for international travelers, there was only one - against yellow fever - for those leaving for endemic areas. Saudi Arabia requires vaccinations for hajj against meningococcal infection (types A, C, Y and W-135).
All persons to whom preventive vaccinations should be subjected are first subjected to a medical examination by a doctor (in rural areas - by a medical assistant).
The head physician of the maternity hospital is responsible for the organization of vaccination against tuberculosis (department head). He allocates at least two nurses for training in the technique of introducing a vaccine, which should be carried out on the basis of one of the maternity hospitals under the supervision of an anti-tuberculosis dispensary
Intradermal vaccination is carried out with 1.0 ml disposable tuberculin syringes and thin needles (No. 0415) with a short cut. The vaccine is injected on the border of the upper and middle third of the outer surface of the shoulder after pre-treatment of the skin with 70 ° alcohol. The needle is injected cut up into the surface layer of the skin parallel to its surface.
Violations of the temperature regime can cause serious complications. Overheating of a vaccine leads to a decrease in its immunogenicity, freezing of adsorbed vaccines - to their desorption with the rapid flow of antigens into the blood and the development of an allergic reaction.
For the specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases, vaccines are used which allow the formation of active immunity before their natural contact with the pathogen.
Preventive vaccinations must be carried out from the very birth of the child. They will help to form immunity, protect against many dangerous infectious and fatal diseases. Information about which vaccinations are carried out is always subject to strict control.
Hemophilus type b (Hib) infection - vaccinations against it have been recommended by the Ministry of Health for more than 10 years, the cost of vaccination has decreased significantly during this time (vaccine Act-Hib and Hiberici), the Hib component is included in the recently registered Pentaxim vaccine (DTP + IPV + Hib)
Bronchial asthma - vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection is especially recommended (hereinafter - polysaccharide vaccine Pnevmo23).