Pterygoid scapula syndrome is a rare cause of musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder and posterior thoracic wall. The pterygoid paralysis caused by the pterygoid scapular syndrome begins as a painless weakness in the muscle with the pathognomonic shape of the scapula developing at the same time.
Vertebral stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which causes compression of the spinal roots (sometimes the spinal cord) before their exit from the intervertebral foramen, positionally dependent back pain and compression symptoms of the nerve roots.
Arachnoiditis is a thickening, scarring and inflammation of the arachnoid membrane. These changes may be local or lead to compression of the nerve roots and spinal cord.
Cervical facet syndrome is a combination of symptoms, including pain in the neck, head, shoulder and in the proximal part of the upper limb, irradiating in a non-dermatomic type. Pain is weak, blunt. It may be unilateral, bilateral, it is believed that the pain is a consequence of the pathology of the facet joint.
The interdigital ligaments of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine can cause acute and chronic pain that occurs after their overload. It is believed that this pain causes bursitis.
Paget's disease is a rare cause of back pain, often diagnosed with unconstrained radiography performed for other purposes or when the patient finds a swelling of long bones.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISG) is a disease of the ligamentous apparatus of the spine. The cause of DISG is unknown. Sign of the disease is a continuous ossification of ligamentous structures of the spine, which extends at least three vertebral spaces.
Multiple myeloma is a rare cause of back pain. Which is often incorrectly diagnosed in the initial stage. It is a unique condition that can cause pain through several mechanisms in aggregate or separately.
The costal-vertebral joint is the true joint that can be affected by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, and especially ankylosing spondylitis.
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease of the skeleton, which is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and a disturbance in the microarchitectonics of bone tissue, which in turn leads to bone fragility and a tendency to fracture (WHO, 1994).