Delayed lowering is a pathologically slow rate of lowering the presenting part of the fetus. The definition of this condition varies depending on the number of births in a woman - in primiparas, the presence of such anomaly is indicated by the maximum slope on the curve of the lowering of the presenting part of the fetus, equal to 1 cm / h or less
As is known, the most significant lowering of the presenting part of the fetus occurs at the end of I and especially in the second stage of labor. Therefore, the impossibility of further fetal progression, stopping or slowing down of the fetus are typical violations of the II period of labor.
Excessive labor activity (uterine hyperactivity) is a form of an abnormality of labor, which is manifested by excessively strong contractions (more than 50 mm Hg) or by fast alternations of contractions (more than 5 contractions per 10 min) and increased uterine tone (more than 12 mm Hg. St.).
Under the discoordination of labor, we understand the absence of coordinated contractions between the different parts of the uterus: the right and left halves of the uterus, the upper half (the bottom, the body) and the lower parts of the uterus, between all parts of the uterus.
By the hypertonus of the lower segment of the uterus, or the inverse gradient, is understood such a pathological condition, when the contraction wave begins in the lower uterine segment and spreads upward with decreasing force and duration, while the lower segment contracts more strongly than the body and the uterine fundus.
Circular dystopia of the uterus (contraction ring) - pathology, which is due to contractions of the circular muscle fibers at different levels of the uterus (except the cervix).
Convulsive fights are characterized by a prolonged contraction of the uterine musculature. In tetany, the uterus contraction follows one after another, pauses between them are not observed. With the onset of tetany, the frequency of contractions increases (more than 5 fights in 10 minutes), their intensity progressively decreases and rapidly because of incomplete relaxation, the uterine hypertonus increases.
The latent phase is the time between the onset of labor and the onset of the active phase (the rise of the curve indicating the opening of the cervix). The average duration of the latent phase in primitive women is 8.6 hours, in the case of re-parenting - 5.3 hours.
Prolonged active phase of labor is characterized by a delayed opening of the cervix. The rate of opening is less than 1.2 cm / h in primiparous and less than 1.5 cm / h in multiparous women.
Secondary cervical dilatation can be recorded when the maximum opening on the Friedman curve in the active phase of delivery is stopped for 2 hours or more.