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Controlled experiment examines how time zone change can disrupt metabolism
Last reviewed: 02.07.2025
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New research from the University of Surrey and the University of Aberdeen has found that disruptions to the biological clock, such as those caused by jet lag, affect metabolism, but to a lesser extent than sleepiness and the brain's basic biological rhythm.
Led by Professor Jonathan Johnston from the University of Surrey and Professor Alexandra Johnston from the University of Aberdeen, a controlled study was conducted in which participants experienced a 5-hour delay in bedtime and meal times.
A study published in the journal iScience found that such time shifts lead to:
- Reducing the energy spent on digesting food.
- Changes in blood sugar and fat levels.
- Slow release of breakfast contents from the stomach.
However, these metabolic effects were transient and mostly recovered within 2–3 days after the 5-hour shift. This was in stark contrast to the underlying brain rhythms and feelings of sleepiness and wakefulness, which had not recovered even 5 days after the shift.
"Our study highlights the importance of maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, especially in our fast-paced world where long commutes and shift work are becoming increasingly common. Even a small time shift can impact many aspects of metabolism, but the metabolic effects of jet lag appear to recover much more quickly than the disruption to sleep and wakefulness.
Understanding the impact of circadian rhythms on our health helps us make informed decisions about our lifestyle. By optimising our sleep and eating patterns, we can improve our overall wellbeing," said Professor Johnston.