What is meant by the term "spinal trauma"? Trauma of the spinal cord, as is customary in the Russian-language literature, or trauma to the spine, which follows from a literal translation from the English word spine?
Symptoms of developmental defects of the vertebrae may be absent, and the defect itself can be inadvertently detected by radiation examination. The term developmental defects of vertebrae is used in those cases when their main cause is the anomaly of the vertebrae.
The peculiarity of congenital kyphosis forces one to consider this type of deformity of the spine separately. Traditionally, the congenital kyphosis group includes not only single-plane sagittal deformities or so-called sagittal deformities. "Pure" (English "rigue") kyphosis, but also kyphoscoliotic deformations with a leading kyphotic component.
Diastematomyelia is a combined defect in the development of the spinal canal, consisting in its separation by bone, cartilaginous or fibrous spines or septa, accompanied by splitting and / or doubling of the spinal cord, its elements and membranes.
Spondylolysis (verbatim: "resorption of the vertebra") - the term adopted to denote the defect of the interarticular part of the arch of the vertebra. The term reflects an X-ray symptom rather than the anatomical nature of the pathology, since in most cases the presence of this bone defect is due to the not acquired "resorption" of a certain zone of the vertebra, and its vicious development - dysplasia.
The urgency of the problem of inflammatory, especially infectious, lesions of the spine is determined not only by the fact that in these diseases, two basic functions of the spine are violated: ensuring a stable vertical position of the trunk and protecting the spinal nerve structures.
The last decade is characterized by an increase in the total number of oncological diseases, an increased level of their diagnosis and treatment. The possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging and radioisotope scanning make it possible to establish the localization and prevalence of tumor lesion early enough, including the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease.
Knowledge of the anatomical features of the blood flow, both along the length and the width of the spinal cord, allows a fairly accurate definition of the zone of spinal ischemia, which is of fundamental importance in the analysis of clinical manifestations of vascular diseases of the spinal cord.
Under the stenosis of the spinal stenosis (English spinal stenosis) is understood the narrowing of its lumen at any level. In practical work, doctors use the classification of stenoses of the vertebral canal, based on pathogenesis and localization of stenosis.
Traditionally, the results of treatment of vertebrological patients are estimated from the data of radiation methods of research, and the patient's individual capabilities are characterized only from the point of view of determining the group of disability.