Indications and contraindications for surgery: Severe, loose breasts can cause a woman both physical and psychological suffering.
Any method of reduction mammoplasty involves the solution of three main tasks: resection of excess tissue of the gland; elimination of the omission of the nipple-areola complex ...
With an insignificant and moderate degree of mammary hypertrophy, the choice of operational techniques for their reduction should be made taking into account not only the volume of glands, but also the degree of their ptosis.
With pronounced hypertrophy of the mammary glands, only 500 to 1200 g of tissues are resected. In this case, good results are obtained by the use of operational techniques with the formation of the lower tissue leg.
At the most expressed hypertrophy of mammary glands the most safe and reliable operation is reduction mammoplasty with a free transplantation of the nipple and areola, like a full-layer skin flap.
Reduction mammoplasty is a fairly extensive surgical operation, during which large areas of tissues are sometimes removed, and the total area of the wound surfaces can also be significant.
The omission of the mammary glands is a natural process that affects a woman's breasts throughout her life. About the presence of ptosis of the mammary gland it is customary to speak in those cases when the level of its nipple falls below the level of the pectoral fold.
Deformities of the nipple-areolar complex include a nipple, hypertrophy of the nipple, areola of too large diameter, deformation of the areola in the tubular mammary gland.
The main cause of stretching of the muscular-fascial layer and weakness of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall is pregnancy.
A significant increase in the volume of contents of the abdominal cavity during pregnancy leads to a vertical and horizontal overgrowth of the musculo-fascial layer, the onset of diastase of the rectus muscles and the stretching of the skin.