Hypercalcemia is defined as the level of total calcium in the serum above 12 mg / dL (3 mmol / L) or ionized calcium greater than 6 mg / dl (1.5 mmol / L). The most common cause is iatrogenia.
Hypocalcemia is the concentration of total calcium in the serum of less than 8 mg / dL (less than 2 mmol / l) in term infants and less than 7 mg / dL (less than 1.75 mmol / L) in premature infants. It is also defined as the ionized calcium level of less than 3.0-4.4 mg / dL (less than 0.75-1.10 mmol / L), depending on the method used (type of electrode).
Hyperglycemia is the concentration of glucose in the blood of more than 150 mg / dL (more than 8.3 mmol / l). Hyperglycemia in newborns is often iatrogenic when too fast intravenous glucose is administered in the first few days of life in newborns with a very low birth weight (less than 1.5 kg).
Hypoglycemia is a serum glucose level of less than 40 mg / dL (less than 2.2 mmol / L) in term infants or less than 30 mg / dl (<1.7 mmol / L) in preterm infants. Risk factors include prematurity and intrapartum asphyxia.
Hypernatremia is the concentration of Na in the serum of more than 150 meq / l, usually associated with dehydration. Manifestations include inhibition, convulsions. Treatment - careful hydration with 0.45% solution of sodium chloride.
Hyponatremia is the concentration of sodium in serum less than 135 meq / l. Pronounced hyponatremia can lead to convulsions or coma. Treatment of hyponatremia - careful compensation of sodium 0.9% solution of sodium chloride; rarely requires a 3% solution of sodium chloride.
Aspiration of meconium in childbirth can cause the development of chemical pneumonitis and mechanical bronchial obstruction, resulting in the development of respiratory failure. At inspection reveal tachypnea, wheezing, cyanosis or desaturation.
Vomiting in infants is a serious symptom that should alarm mother and encourage her to act immediately, that is, refer to pediatrician with this problem.
The child does not sleep well, many parents face such a problem, according to statistics, about 25% of all children under three have sleep disorders, both day and night.
The child does not sleep well at night - this is quite a frequent phenomenon, which according to statistics is observed in 25% of the total number of families where there are children. Children up to a year periodically wake up at night for understandable reasons, they need to be fed, to change diapers. The sleep of newborns is not subject to the rules of circadianism, that is, to the daily rhythm.