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Congenital anomalies of the eyelids: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
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Cryptophthalm is a complete loss of eyelid differentiation. This is an extremely rare pathology, to the development of which results in the mother's disease in the period of the laying of the eyelids (II month of pregnancy). With cryptophthalmos, the skin from the forehead to the cheek is continuous, soldered to the cornea, the eyeball is underdeveloped. Cryptophthalmus is combined with such congenital anomalies as cleft lip and palate, atresia of the larynx, brain hernias.
Coloboma of the century - a full-layer segmental defect of the eyelid with a base near its edge, often formed in the medial part of the upper eyelid.
Congenital coloboma of the eyelids is a rare pathology, a consequence of incomplete fusion of the primordia of the maxillary processes. A defect can be isolated, but it can be combined with coloboma of the iris and vascular membrane, it is often detected simultaneously with other anomalies: dermoid cysts, microphthalmus, mandibularfacial dysostosis and oculoauriculoverebral dysplasia. Coloboma of the century in the absence of permanent full-fledged moisturizing of the cornea can lead to its defeat.
Coliboma of the upper eyelid is formed at the border of the inner and middle thirds of the century and is not associated with systemic anomalies.
Coliboma of the lower eyelid is formed at the border of the middle and outer third of the century, often combined with systemic diseases, for example, the syndrome of Treacher Collins.
Defect of the eyelid is eliminated by direct fixation of the edges or with the help of a skin flap. In the absence of corneal complications, a delayed (for several years) reconstruction of the century is possible. With the localization of the extensive Late Century Late Columns in the internal corner of the eye fissure, the risk of keratopathy is particularly high, which requires an early and much more complex reconstruction. The prognosis of surgical treatment is good.
Ankyloblopharon is a partial or complete fusion of the edges of the upper and lower eyelids, a cup in the outer corner of the eye slit, resulting in its horizontal shortening. Very rarely observed pathology; autosomal dominant inheritance is possible. Ankyloblopharon can be combined with deformities of the skull, colobomas of the choroid, simblepharon, epicanthus, anophthalmos. Surgical separation of the eyelids should be performed at the earliest possible time. Acquired ankiloblepharon can be post-traumatic.
Surgical treatment of congenital anomalies of the eyelids is effective, it is carried out for cosmetic purposes.
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