Blackheads on a mole

Black dots on moles are changes in the color of the skin on the mole or on the neighboring skin areas. A person who has many moles, almost does not pay attention to the bottom. But if a black dot appeared, it is very clearly visible and it is unlikely that this change can be compared with a scratch. Causes may be very different.

The mole can be smooth or convex, and in some cases it is clearly felt when touched. The color of moles varies from light brown to dark chocolate. Sometimes black spots may appear on the surface of the mole. From now on, this spot should be carefully monitored. If it does not start to lighten and gradually disappear after a couple of days, it is better to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
 

[1], [2]

Causes of the black dots on a birthmark

The black dot on the mole may be a consequence of damage or a signal that the mole is gradually degenerating into melanoma. In order not to fall into despair, you need to know several reasons why black dots can appear on the mole:

• Damage of a different kind. Since the mole can be anywhere on the human body, it is easy enough to injure it. If damaged, the mole does not turn red, like the skin, but begins to darken. You can damage the birthmark with your fingernails, combing your hair with a comb with hard teeth, metal elements in clothes or costume jewelery. Painful sensations are much stronger than when skin is injured, but they quickly pass.

If you have traumatized the birthmark, a little look at her appearance.

• Formation of the birthmark of a melanoma or cancerous tumor on the site. Due to damage, excessive sun exposure or other factors, the surface of the mole begins to change externally. If there were no injuries, and the birthmark had black spots, immediately consult a doctor. Only a good specialist will be able to confirm or refute suspicions of a dangerous disease.

The reasons for the appearance of black dots on the mole are mostly just these. But heredity, weak immunity can be important. After all, most of the malignant formations occur when the immune system is weakened or fails.

[3], [4], [5]

Pathogenesis

There are birthmarks for every person. They arise in the place of the melanin accumulation, which is responsible for sunburn. That's why moles appear on the body gradually. They can disappear or vice versa become clearer.

The pathogenesis of black dots on the birthmark is the emergence and development of the disease. In this case, the degeneration of the birthmark in melanoma will be considered. Most often this is due to excessive exposure to sunlight on the skin.

The pathogenesis of the disease is quite simple: in the birthplace of moles, the highest accumulation of melanin. These cells are a pigment for the skin and hair, so the birthmark is different from the skin color. UV rays have a harmful effect on melanin cells, they can not protect themselves from harmful rays, so they mutate into cancer cells.

It becomes clear why so often melanomas occur in people with fair skin or those who spend most of their time indoors. The skin can not withstand the strong effect of the sun, the malfunction occurs, moles are at risk of becoming melanoma. Before spending the whole day on the beach, think about what a tan can "pour out". People with light skin and hair, as well as freckles should be in direct sunlight for a limited amount of time.

[6], [7]

Symptoms of the black dots on a birthmark

Symptoms of birthmark changes and degeneration of e into a cancerous tumor are quite noticeable. If there are black spots on the mole, and with them some of the symptoms listed below, immediately consult a doctor.

• A mole with a black spot starts to itch, you can feel a slight burning sensation.
• Hairs around the birthmark are gradually disappearing. Neoplasm detrimental to the hair follicle and destroys it.
• The color is uneven, like a normal birthmark. A black spot may appear on the left, right or in the center of a mole.
• A mole with a black spot becomes larger.
• On the surface of the birthmark may appear cracks, from which oozes blood or clear liquid. If you continue to ignore such changes, the mole will turn into a sort of abscess.
• Around the affected mole, new small spots may appear, which were not previously present.
• The skin in the birth place of the mole becomes more dense and stiff.

Also around the birthmark may appear redness. This means that the body is struggling with education on its own. With timely treatment in this case, it is possible to overcome the disease much more quickly. The doctor will prescribe a course of treatment aimed at stimulating the immune system.

The black spot on the mole is a surface-spreading melanoma

Black spots on the mole are divided into several types. Surface-spreading melanoma is considered the most frequent and widespread form of the disease. Mostly middle-aged women, less often men. The disease is complicated by metastases, which can occur in more than half the cases.

The surface of the mole becomes black, dark brown or acquires a bluish tinge. At first, the spot is very small, but gradually it begins to grow. From a speck the birthmark turns into a small tubercle on the skin, the edges lose the correct outline. To the touch, the mole becomes dense and stiff, and the surface is slightly rough. Also gradually changing color - the skin becomes shiny, in the middle of the spot there is a small light area.

If all these changes did not become an occasion for a visit to the doctor, then the mole begins to bleed constantly and get sick. Even with the slightest friction or pressure, a sulphure or yellow liquid with an admixture of blood begins to go.

A black spot on the birthmark constantly brings inconveniences and pain. Even during sleep or rest, you need to watch to not touch anything where the plaque is formed. In a more progressive form, a black spot causes reddening of the skin around and permanent discomfort.

[8]

Mole with black patches - freckle Hutchinson

This type of degeneration of the birthmark into a tumor is most favorable. The disease develops long, sometimes for years. Hutchinson's freckle begins to develop on the most exposed areas of the skin: face, hands, neck, back. A small mole gradually loses its clear outlines, the edges become blurred. The surface begins to darken, there are blotches of a darker color.

A mole with black patches is most often observed in elderly people with age spots. Signs of change are visible not immediately. On the positive side of Hutchinson's freckle is that in the process of its slow development, the immune system itself can detect and destroy the cancerous formation.

It's quite easy to determine the disease yourself. Black spots appear on the surface of the birthmark, then a knot is formed. The mole begins to bleed or make a clear liquid. All this is accompanied by pain and tangible discomfort. In addition, the mole itself begins to increase in size. The diameter reaches 10 or more centimeters.

Black nodules on the mole - nodal melanoma

This type of melanoma is most dangerous. The disease develops very quickly. It lasts no more than a year and a half, unlike the "freckle Hutchinson." If you do not take immediate action, the patient may die.

Black knots on the birthmark appear quickly enough and it's hard not to notice them. The surface becomes convex. At the slightest touch, the blood begins to flow to the nodule, or the sulphure. The surface darkens strongly, acquiring a black, dark brown or bluish color. Gradually formed sores at the site.

Not every patient can understand that this is the nodular melanoma, because the stain can be another color - from pink to red. But certainly the place of education will hurt and bleed. That's why you need to see a doctor without delay.

This type of melanoma is considered the most dangerous. Depending on the state of immunity and the resistance of the organism, it gathers speed and complication itself. The immune system can not fight this kind of disease, as in the previous case, therefore only surgical treatment is possible.

[9], [10], [11]

Mole covered with black spots - acryl-lentiginous melanoma

Like nodal, acrally-lentiginous melanoma develops very quickly. It is dangerous in that it can occur on the border of the skin and mucous areas. For example, on the eyelid, near the lips or nostrils. But most often such a melanoma is observed on the nails, feet and arms. The disease affects people of different ages. But most often the disease is noted in people with dark skin, who spend a lot of time under the scorching sun.

This form is the most aggressive, therefore it develops quickly and noticeably. On the surface of the mole, black spots appear, then ulcers are formed. If the disease develops on the nail, then it gradually destroys it. Begins to go with a syphilis or clear discharge.

If your birthmark is covered with black spots, be sure to watch it. Especially if these moles are located in the listed places of formation of this type of melanoma. Do not engage in self-medication, otherwise you can harm the skin around the melanoma and accelerate the formation of the tumor.

Complications and consequences

The consequences of black points on the mole may be different. If this is a simple damage, then after a while it will completely pass, leaving no traces on the skin. But if these are signs of a beginning cancerous tumor, it is worth knowing about a number of complications:

• Possible bleeding in the place of education. It can occur even at the slightest touch to melanoma.
• Rapid formation of metastases. This is the main danger in this disease. It is necessary to immediately consult a doctor.
• Violations in different organs - kidneys, lungs.
• Rapid development of the tumor, possible spread of melanoma nodules in significant areas of the skin.

Also, surgical intervention is necessary. On the skin at the site of the operation there is a noticeable scar. After successful treatment and removal of a dangerous melanoma, there is often a re-birth of moles in melanoma. Therefore, a very important point was the frequent diagnosis and regular examination. Staying in the sun for patients after surgery is limited. It is imperative to check the condition of the lymph nodes that are the first to respond to a possible disease.

[12],

Complications

As with any disease or disease, the formation of black dots on the mole and the overgrowth in melanoma may have complications. The main one is metastases. They spread very quickly throughout the body. Melanoma is spread on the circulatory system, metastases can catch any organ, settle in the lungs or brain.

That's why melanoma is so dangerous. If a cancerous tumor of the usual type develops in one organ, melanoma immediately affects the whole body. Complications can appear not only in the body, but also on the surface of the skin. If melanomas are formed in a place where there is constant contact with clothing, then it will give out a sulphure, blood or yellowish discharge.

Constant pain, discomfort and an increase in the birthmark can also be considered complications. If the melanoma is diagnosed and operated on time, then the harm to the body will not be as tangible as when the stages are started.

Some melanomas can grow to large sizes. "Hutchinson's freckle" is very similar to age spots in pigmented spots. It gradually increases in diameter and the more difficult it is to remove.

[13], [14], [15], [16]

Diagnostics of the black dots on a birthmark

If you find a birthmark with a black spot on your body or a birthmark that has changed in size and shape for no apparent reason, you should go through the diagnosis. But to begin with, you can determine for yourself whether the mole is dangerous. Carry out such diagnostics:

1. The birthmark from the flat became convex, raised above the level of the skin. With side lighting, this is clearly visible.
2. The mole began to increase in size. Watch for a few days for a suspicious mole. You can measure it with a centimeter or control growth in any other way. Cancer birthmark will grow fast enough.
3. The edges of the birthmark are "torn", wrong. The usual mole edges smooth, rounded. In a "sick" birthmark, the edges become irregular.
4. Birthmark increases unevenly. One half can significantly increase, while the other can remain the same shape.
5. Check the diameter. If the mole has increased in diameter more than the diameter of the ballpoint pen - this is also an alarm signal.
6. The color of the mole is uneven. On the surface appear black, brown, gray, bluish, white, pink or red spots.

Diagnosis of melanoma consists of a whole set of procedures. If you have identified one or more of the listed changes, you will need to go through all the diagnostic steps to set the exact result.

[17], [18], [19]

Analyzes

Applying to a dermatologist, you will certainly receive a referral for a general analysis of blood and urine. They will not give a 100% answer to the question "Do you have a malignant tumor?". First of all, a blood test will show the state of the body and changes in the composition of the blood. There are several factors that indicate a possible malignant neoplasm:

• Leukocytosis. The level of leukocytes in the blood is reduced or increased.
• The leukocyte formula has a shift to the left.
• The hemoglobin is lowered. Cancer cells deplete blood molecules.
• Platelets are significantly reduced.
• ESR (sedimentation rate of erythrocytes) is increased.

It will be an indispensable procedure to check coagulation or clotting of blood. Cancer cells contribute to the occurrence of micro thrombosis and interfere with the proper circulation of blood in the body. At the first analysis all these changes will be reflected in the biochemical formula of the blood.

The analysis of urine will give information on how the liver, kidneys, urinary system and protein metabolism work. With different forms of cancer, urine composition also changes. It helps to determine if there is a tumor and what type it is.

[20], [21]

Instrumental diagnostics

To determine whether a mole with a black spot is dangerous or not, you can use different methods and equipment. But the most effective in instrumental diagnostics are histological examination and dermatoscope.

Dermatoscope. This is a kind of a conventional microscope, which will help determine if a mole is dangerous. The dermatoscope makes the top layer of the skin, horny, transparent. The doctor will be able to see if the malignant birthmark or not.

Histological examination. A mole with a black spot is cut from the surface of the skin. Then conduct a thorough examination of all tissues that are under and near the mole. So you can more accurately identify the cancerous formation.

Other types of instrumental diagnostics include:

• X-ray in different angles.
• CT scan.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
• Ultrasound.
• Endoscopic examination.

Instrumental diagnostics together with the received analyzes of blood and urine will help to determine the presence of a cancerous tumor and the stage of its development as quickly and accurately as possible.

Differential diagnosis

The method of elimination can also determine whether a black dot is dangerous on the mole or not. It is necessary to conduct a series of studies and sampling analyzes in order to gradually eliminate all possible diseases and leave only one.

Melanoma is often confused with pigmented spots. Most often a biopsy is used. Such a technique involves the collection of cells or tissues from the site of the neoplasm. A biopsy will help determine whether the pigmentation spot is or not. On several grounds, it is possible to determine the pigment spot on its own:

1. The correct form.
2. Straight edges.
3. Homogeneous color.

But to determine the cancer birthmark, you can remember the symptoms according to the formula UDAR (accelerated growth, diameter more than 6 mm, asymmetry, color).

The task of differential diagnosis is to accurately confirm the alleged diagnosis. This will help to prescribe the treatment and will direct all efforts to a specific disease. Sometimes there are cases of improper treatment, which can lead to negative consequences.

Treatment of the black dots on a birthmark

You can remove a birthmark with black dots in different ways. Medicine offers many options more or less painful. Also, a birthmark with an even point can be removed at home. Among the most common methods of removing a birthmark, it can be noted:

• Laser removal. The dermatologist, with the help of a laser beam, acts on the tissues and destroys them. This method is as painful as the others. Therefore, an anesthetic injection is required. Many patients see this procedure as the fastest, fastest and most cosmetic way. But the laser also leaves scars on the skin.
• Electrocoagulation or exposure to low-frequency current. The procedure is painful, it resembles burning, which was actual for a couple of decades. The scars remain on the skin.
• Ointment. A special ointment is applied to the birthmark, which cauterizes it. The result is very difficult to determine, because it is impossible to say how deeply the medicine has worked and whether the birthmark has completely destroyed.
• Biopsy. This removal of the birthmark and adjacent tissue within a radius of 2-3 cm around.

Medications

If the mole does not grow into a malignant tumor, it can be safely removed. Only in the first place it is necessary to decide whether the scar is boring or not. If the birthmark is located in a prominent place, then the scar is better to avoid. To do this, you can try to remove it by non-operational methods. Many available methods leave behind a noticeable scar, which has to be further processed.

Pharmacies offer a huge list of drugs that can quickly and painlessly remove birthmarks of any size. But in alternative medicine, there are also many ways to get rid of them. Advantages and disadvantages of removing moles with drugs:

• An expensive medicine or drug may not suit you.
• May cause allergy if contain chemical components.
• If the birthmark degenerates into a malignant formation, an unsuccessfully chosen drug can only accelerate the process.
• The drug from the pharmacy was thoroughly tested, it is safe for the body as a whole.
• It does not take much effort and time to get treatment.
• Most often there is no scarring.

You can recommend such drugs as Foresol (applied once or several times), Viferon (can be used during lactation, synthetic agent), Isoprinosine (tablets, have a fairly fast effect), Paneavir gel (penetrates deep into the skin).

Alternative methods also have their pros and cons:

• The effect of the selected method is unknown. The medicine has not been tested in laboratories, so there is no guarantee that it is safe.
• Difficult to calculate the dosage.
• The rate of exposure is significantly lower than that of chemotherapy drugs.
• Most often, alternative medicines consist of available harmless components.

Alternative treatment

Juice of garlic and lemon. Mole grease juice of garlic, and then immediately lemon juice. A small mole disappears in about a week. The product is absolutely safe and harmless. If you do not have allergies to these components, then this method can be considered ideal. Does not cause irritation, no side effects.

Egg yolk and pumpkin seeds. This is one of the oldest ways to remove unwanted moles. 7 boiled hard yolks, 5 tablespoons of dry pumpkin seeds and 5 tablespoons of flour mixed and poured with 0.5 liters of lean oil. The resulting mixture is insisted on a water bath for 30 minutes. Pour into a glass jar and store in a refrigerator.

It takes 5 days in the morning on an empty stomach for one spoonful. Then you need to take a break and repeat the course. The medicine is taken until it is over.

Pasta from soda and castor oil. Mix the soda and oil in equal parts to make the cream. Not watery or dry. Apply it every day on the mole for several hours. You can also apply it before going to bed and leave it overnight.

Ointment from chalk and linseed oil. Make a paste of crushed chalk and linseed oil, mixing the ingredients in equal parts. Apply on the birthmark for a couple of hours or all night.

[22], [23],

Herbal Treatment

Celandine. You will need fresh stems of celandine. Apply the juice of the plant to the mole, pressing the stalk to it. It turns out a kind of cauterization of an unwanted build-up on the body. Lubricate the juice of celandine mole preferably not more than 3 times a day. To remove the process faster, tie it with a thread at the base. As the sykhaniya, the thread should also be tightened a little.

If everything is done accurately and correctly, the mole will disappear about a month later. On the skin there will be practically no traces, and the procedure itself will be painless. You do not need too often to smear your birthmark with juice and strongly pull the thread. This can cause allergies and bleeding.

Dandelion and nettle. From the root of a dandelion make a gruel and put on a mole. You need to hold the compress for a couple of hours. Ik nettles are made decoction. Spoons of dried nettle and 12 tbsp. Spoons of water boil on low heat for 10 minutes. Then allow to cool and filter. Take half a cup 4 times a day before meals.

Lemon and apple cider vinegar. Lemon is chopped together with the peel. 100 grams of vinegar and 100 grams of lemon are mixed and insisted in a dark place for 7 days. Then filter and get the resulting liquid lubricant in the morning and evening.

Bow. Apply 2 times a day fresh juice of onions. If you do this regularly, the birthmark will gradually dry up and disappear.

Operative treatment

Operative treatment of benign and malignant moles is slightly different from each other. Moles that are not dangerous to humans can be removed at any medical center without additional examinations. It is necessary to check the depth of the root of the mole. The surgeon removes the birthmark with a scalpel. When removing, the area of the skin around is captured. But the capture area is quite small - from 0.2 to 0.5 cm. The resulting wound is like a cone. The edges of the wound are tightened and sewn together. The surgeon applies a cosmetic suture, which after a while becomes completely invisible.

If doctors diagnosed you with a malignant birthmark, a biopsy is prescribed. This is approximately the same operation, but preliminary blood and urine sampling for infections and cancer cells is done. It is necessary to determine the nature of degeneration, the depth of the lesion, the presence or absence of metastases, the damage to neighboring tissues. With biopsy, a larger area of the skin around the mole can be removed - up to 5 cm. The edges are also pulled together and sewn together. The scar turns out more pronounced, it takes more time to treat it.

In surgical treatment, anesthesia is necessarily introduced, since any place on the human body where the mole is located is more sensitive. It is recommended to apply only to specialized clinics where there are necessary tools and equipment. If the operation fails, the mole can become inflamed, there is a risk of infection.

Prevention

To avoid the degeneration of moles with black dots into a cancerous tumor or for the prevention of secondary education, follow simple rules:

1. Avoid direct sunlight. The sun is good for the skin only in the morning and evening hours. All the rest of the time it carries solar radiation into the skin.
2. Be sure to wear hats. It should be a hat or panama with wide margins of impenetrable dense material. It will protect the scalp, face, ears and neck. A small hat does not protect from the sun, but only closes the head from a sunstroke.
3. Sunglasses. Choose those that have strongly darkened glasses. They will protect the eyes, eyelids and skin around the eyes.
4. On a sunny day, you need to choose clothes that close the body as much as possible. For men, the best option is a shirt with a long sleeve and linen trousers. Women can wear a long dress, a sarafan, a skirt and a blouse with a long sleeve. Natural materials do not pass the sun's rays, but they do not interfere with the penetration of air.
5. Protect the skin with special creams, and lips - hygienic lipstick.
6. At lunch hours, when the sun is particularly active, you are in the shade. Do not rely on the small clouds in the sky. The sun passes through them and has a disastrous effect on sunbathers.
7. Visiting the solarium is strictly prohibited. Excessive exposure to artificial sun or poor-quality equipment also very often lead to melanoma formation.
8. Watch for birthmarks. If you have a lot of them, make a regular visit to a dermatologist.

[24], [25]

Forecast

The prognosis of black dots on the mole depends on the stage at which it is found that he is transformed into a malignant entity. If the cancer is detected in the first stage, then the prognosis is very good. If education is launched, the outlook is not so positive.

Most patients notice changes in the mole already in the first stage and in time turn to the doctor. After the treatment, many patients recover completely. The prognosis depends on whether the lymph nodes are affected or not, the degree of metastases and the stage of development (there are only four of them).

Scientists noted that melanoma or a malignant tumor often occurs in people with dark skin color or, conversely, in people with very light skin, blond hair and freckles. Women recover faster than men, the results of treatment become noticeable earlier.

As with any oncology, the tumor prognosis is as follows: regular examination and diagnosis of moles on the body, removal of suspicious formations, limitation of sun exposure, maximum protection from direct rays in the warm season.