List Diagnostics – X
With the development of computed tomography, the importance of X-rays in the diagnosis of lung diseases has increased even more. With its help, it is possible to identify the earliest changes in the organs of the thoracic cavity. An important place in the evaluation of functional pathology of the lungs, in particular violations of capillary blood flow in them, was taken by the radionuclide method.
X-ray analysis of the state of the Turkish saddle is a relatively common diagnostic procedure, including in gynecology.
In those years when only the X-ray method was used to study the reproductive organs, the radiation diagnosis occupied a relatively modest place in obstetrics and gynecology. Its development restrained the risk of radiation damage to the fetus or gonads. However, when there were methods not related to radiation exposure, especially such as ultrasound and radioimmunoassay, the situation changed. Without radiation research, it is already impossible to imagine modern obstetrics, gynecology and mammology.
Recognition of diseases of the endocrine glands is one of the brightest pages of radiation diagnostics. With the help of radial methods, the doctor determines changes in the structure of the gland and focal formations in it. Moreover, he can detect and quantify the dysfunction of each gland and the "governing organs" of the hormonal hierarchy - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Radiation and endoscopy studies form the basis of a comprehensive diagnosis of stomach diseases. Radiological methods are of primary importance among ray methods. The plan for X-ray examination of the stomach and duodenum depends on the history and clinical picture of the disease.
A chest x-ray is usually taken for diagnostic purposes, but a focused visualization of the flat sternum in the middle of its anterior wall - a sternum x-ray - may be required.
Angiography of the spleen is extremely rarely used in the diagnosis of diseases of the spleen. For the diagnosis of portal hypertension, a direct injection of contrast medium into the pulp of the spleen is sometimes used; perform splenenportografiyu. If appropriate equipment is available, one can obtain an image of the splenic vein in the venous stage of arteriography, i.e. To carry out indirect splenoportografiyu.
The spine consists of 24 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx. In healthy people, it forms characteristic physiological curves: anteriorly in the cervical and lumbar regions and posteriorly in the thoracic and sacral regions. The size of the vertebral bodies gradually increases in the caudal direction, i.e. Down. The vertebral body on radiographs has the shape of a rectangle with somewhat concave lateral edges and rounded corners.
The main and proven method of radial examination of the skull is survey radiography. Usually it is performed in two standard projections - direct and lateral. In addition to them, axial, semi-axial and sighting radiographs are sometimes required. Based on the survey and sight images, the position, size, shape, contours and structure of all the bones of the skull are established.
Since it is not always possible to immediately identify the cause of the pathology, doctors use an X-ray of the scapula. We are talking about a non-invasive, painless and affordable diagnostic method, which, moreover, is quite informative.
On the survey radiographs of the abdominal cavity the pancreas is indistinguishable. Exceptions are only rare cases of calcifications - parenchyma, pseudocyst walls and stones in ducts with chronic pancreatitis. On the survey images, as well as in the contrast X-ray examination of the stomach and intestine, indirect signs of lesion of the gland may be revealed.
X-ray examination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, larynx, hearing organ, as well as the eye and orbit has gained full recognition in the clinic already in the first years after the discovery of X-rays.
In dental practice, traditional methods of X-ray examination are still used mainly. The method of choice is radiography. Radiography of the maxillofacial region is rarely performed: in some cases, with trauma, to determine the location of foreign bodies, with angio- and sialography. However, radiography is usually combined with radiography.
The most accessible diagnosis, which allows visualizing the internal structure and assess the state of the skeletal bones of the spine, is radiography.
Indication for x-ray examination (roentgen) of the liver and biliary tract is established by the clinician on the basis of anamnesis and clinical picture of the disease. The choice of the method of radiation research is carried out jointly by the clinician and radiation diagnostician. The latter composes the research plan, analyzes its results and formulates a conclusion.
Pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy provide the study of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx and the function of the vocal cords. Important additional data on the condition of the walls of these organs, in particular on the surrounding tissue and cartilage of the larynx, allows obtaining a computed tomography.
Qualified urologists, as a rule, are well prepared for radiation diagnosis of injuries and diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract and can contact the radiologist themselves to establish the order and volume of radiation studies themselves.
Radiography is a traditional method of studying the small and large intestine. Indications for him are numerous. In conditions of emergency medical care - this is a suspicion of intestinal obstruction, perforation of the intestine, thromboembolism of mesenteric vessels, gastrointestinal bleeding.
What is radiography, they know almost everything. This is a specific and very common form of diagnosis, which uses X-rays.
The organ of vision consists of the eyeball, its protective parts (eye socket and eyelids) and appendages of the eye (tear and movement apparatus). Glaznitsa (orbit) in shape resembles a truncated tetrahedral pyramid.