Cyst of maxillary sinus

The cyst of the maxillary sinus is a benign, spherical formation filled with fluid.

The wall of the cyst is two-layer, the inner layer of which is represented by the epithelium, which produces mucus.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Causes of the cysts of the maxillary sinus

What are the main reasons for the appearance of the cyst of the maxillary sinus? Most often, these are chronic diseases such as rhinitis or sinusitis, which develop in the nose or paranasal sinuses. However, it happens that the cyst of the maxillary sinus appears and not because of this. The main mechanism and cause of development of the maxillary sinus cyst is a thickening, due to a variety of inflammatory processes, the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity and sinuses, which leads to the fact that the channels that remove mucus from the glands are clogged, overgrown and can no longer remove it. Because the mucus gradually accumulates, which leads to the appearance of mucous "balls".

[7], [8], [9]

Symptoms of the cysts of the maxillary sinus

Headache? Pressure leaps? Does it make you dizzy? Difficulty breathing? So, in your body there was some kind of failure and you just need to turn to the doctors. Perhaps this is a consequence of untreated diseases that try to force you to start treatment, or maybe something else that you will not even think about right away. In addition, if the disease develops into a chronic stage with relapses, then it becomes much harder to determine that something is going wrong in the body.

One of the causes of poor health is the cyst of the maxillary sinus. What kind of "beast" is this? Usually, the patient does not feel any pain, rather does not even suspect about the existence of education in the body. The main principle of determining the appearance of this disease is a pure accident, in which the patient falls ill with the usual sinusitis and goes to X-ray. And only then does the x-ray show that the sinus walls are not as they should be and there is a certain bulge. Also, the appearance of the sinus sinus cyst is possible during the passage of the orthopantogram (a panoramic image of the upper and lower jaw, which is prescribed by the dentist).

However, when getting an X-ray and a preliminary diagnosis, do not despair if there are written many medical terms that do not promise anything good. In order to get a correct and definitive diagnosis, you need to examine the patient, learn about his feelings, well-being, complaints and only then try to diagnose.

In most cases, the cyst develops gradually and does not affect the person's well-being, does not cause discomfort and can become a true, but not very desirable companion for the whole life of the patient. Moreover, the definition of cysts as a game of darts - you will not get hit or you will not find. Definition of the cyst of the maxillary sinus is not an easy and unexpected task.

However, there is a possibility of growth of the cyst of the maxillary sinus, which can lead to the filling of its entire space of the maxillary sinus. In this case, the patient may experience unpleasant sensations, suffer from nasal congestion, difficulty breathing. In some cases, patients experience pressure under the eyes. If an ORVI enters the body, or a person develops a sinusitis, the cyst of the maxillary sinus can become inflamed, produce pus, symptomatically reminiscent of acute sinusitis.

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Forms

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Cyst of the tooth in the maxillary sinus

The cyst of the tooth is undoubtedly the reaction of the body to the appearance and reproduction of bacteria. These foreign organisms get inside the root canal of the tooth and provoke the death of bone areas, which leads to the formation of cavities in the dental canals. Over time, a ball forms in the cavity - a dense shell that establishes a boundary between healthy and infected cells of the tooth. This shell is considered a cyst.

The tooth cyst can be different, depending on its position and filling. So, for example, in the place of origin, there are cysts of the front tooth, wisdom tooth, and also the cyst of the tooth in the maxillary sinus.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Odontogenic cyst of maxillary sinus

There is a whole group of tumors related to odontogenic - this is adamantine, and odontoma, and cementoma and, of course, cyst. Cysts are detected by doctors much more often than other tumors. It's good that cysts do not produce metastases, although they can cover fairly large volumes of tissues.

The growth of the cyst destroys the bone and causes it to die, often leads to inflammation. The jaw wall decreases considerably in volume, becomes thinner, which is determined by a slight crunch during palpation, and then disappears altogether.

The odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus usually does not create unpleasant sensations, it is not felt by palpation, because often they can reach very impressive sizes. Such an increase in the volume of the cyst leads to compression of the maxillary sinus.

Visually, the odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus can be seen when it grows and expands the front wall of the jaw (growth towards the oral opening). If the cyst is located on the upper jaw near the central incisors, then it can grow to the nasal cavity, if from the lateral upper incisors - towards the sky. With the development of the cyst of the lower teeth, there is a risk of fracture of the lower edge of the jaw during chewing.

Retreatment cyst of the maxillary sinus

The most common is the retention cyst, the so-called true cyst. Her nature helps to clarify only the histological examination. A characteristic location is the maxillary sinus, namely its lower wall. It consists of a cylindrical epithelium and is clearly visible on X-rays. Like all cysts, the emergence and existence of the retention cyst of the maxillary sinus passes without symptoms and pain. Most often it is discovered by accident. However, reaching the large size of the retention cyst of the maxillary sinus, the symptoms characteristic of this disease already appear.

For the emergence of the first symptoms of a cyst, it takes about 2 months. During this time, the body accumulates a sufficient amount of histamine, serotonin or acetylcholine, which breaks the structure of the capillaries. Disturbance of blood flow through the microcirculatory bed affects the mucosa, which, due to the accumulation of the above substances, swells.

Cyst of left and right maxillary sinus

The cyst of the left, as well as the right maxillary sinus, does not manifest itself in symptomatology for a long time and is only detected with radiography or tomography. Of the symptoms can be identified random sudden single discharge from one side of the nose. Yellowish, clear, abundant discharge can characterize the rupture and release of the filling of the cyst.

To determine whether the left or right cyst of the maxillary sinus is present, radiography of the paranasal sinuses is usually performed, taking samples or injecting contrast preparations into the cavity. However, the most effective method for determining nevertheless tomography, which is carried out using a computer tomograph. It gives an opportunity to see in which place the cyst is located and what size it is. Also, the procedure makes it possible to determine the thickness of its shell and what is inside it.

[26], [27], [28], [29]

Complications and consequences

Depending on the type of cyst and its location, different variants of the outcome of the disease are possible. Complications are rare, but from the most frequently encountered variants, physicians refer to suppuration inside the skin sac.

A possible, however, rather rare occurrence - with a constant slow growth of the cyst, there is a buildup of pressure on the bones and skull organs. Due to the pressure increase, the bone may become deformed. When the cyst affects the organs of vision, diplopia can develop, a disease in which the image is doubled.

With a fairly neglected disease, rejection or dying of the bone may begin.

What is dangerous cyst maxillary sinus?

What can happen, get an adult man in his body cyst maxillary sinus? As described above - if the cyst is small, imperceptible and insignificant, there will be no special harm from it, although it can "roll" in your body all your life. However, with a more impressive size of the "slime collector" and even with inflammation or decay, such a disease can threaten you with increased pressure on the internal organs of the head, an increase in body temperature, and in very neglected cases in general the transition of inflammation to neighboring tissues and organs.

At the worst outcome, the cyst can burst, which will result in the release of a purulent fluid from it, which will not only create discomfort, but can lead to infection of tissues, and then necrosis.

[30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37]

Diagnostics of the cysts of the maxillary sinus

In modern medicine so far there are not so many methods of diagnosis of the cyst of the maxillary sinus. Thus, the most common and widely used at this stage in the development of medical practice in determining the cyst of the maxillary sinus is carrying out an x-ray examination, in which the paranasal sinuses are removed in two angles.

One of the most accurate variants of diagnostics of the sinus sinus cyst is CT, magnetic resonance imaging of sinuses, endoscopy of maxillary sinuses.

From the known methods of determining the cyst of the maxillary sinus, the contrast fluid is also introduced into the place of the presumed formation of the cyst - hymorography.

If a biopsy is performed to determine the presence of a cyst in the body - that is, cutting off a part of the tissue of the alleged formation and examining it, checking for certain abnormalities. Biopsy-cut tissue undergoes several procedures - microbiological, biochemical, and cytologic. All these studies help determine the disease, its nature and stage of development.

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Treatment of the cysts of the maxillary sinus

If all the necessary studies are done and the presence of the cyst is confirmed, the doctor prescribes a specific method for treating the sinus sinus cyst. The most common method of treatment of the sinus sinus cyst is surgical surgical intervention, that is, removal of the cyst. If there is no need for such an intervention, and the disease itself does not create inconvenience to the person, then conservative non-surgical treatment is performed. Under this treatment, we mean constant observation in the ENT, as well as taking various medications - nasal sprays, antihistamines, anti-edematous drugs.

Removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus can be prescribed by a doctor only if the formation has reached a large size or interferes with the normal functioning of the head organs (in particular the paranasal sinuses, as well as various vessels).

The most acceptable and safe method of surgery is endoscopic removal of the maxillary sinus cyst. Most doctors, as well as patients themselves, who have faced the need to perform such an operation, choose the endoscopic technique, since the traumatization of the skin in such an operation with a cyst in the maxillary sinus is less, and there are no scars from the incisions, and the rehabilitation period is minimal.

This technique allows for more thorough removal of unnecessary formations. Removal of the sinus sinus cyst by the laser excludes the use of intimidating instruments such as a chisel or hammer, and also allows the doctor to get to the desired place where the cystic formation is located, through a small hole in the sinus wall. In addition, all surgical procedures last only 10-15 minutes. When performing an operation with a cyst in the maxillary sinus, video cameras are used, allowing you to inspect the place of the operation from the inside.

Alternative treatment of the sinus sinus cyst

Alternative treatment of the cyst of the maxillary sinus, oddly enough, may cause an increase in cystic education and worsen overall well-being. In addition, there are often cases of exacerbation or the emergence of allergies to certain herbs or other plant components.

Basically, the alternative formulation is based on the use of herbs and biologically active substances, which are contained in propolis or honey. Unfortunately, such recipes rarely lead to complete cessation. Neither instillation of the nose with broths, nor washing or inhalation, nor taking various preparations made at home with plant ingredients, will not help get rid of the cyst. Also, doctors strongly recommend that you stop taking homeopathic medicines and go through various homeopathic procedures.

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Prevention

In order that you never learned what the cyst of the maxillary sinus is, you just need to monitor your own health and not start treatment of diseases. Prophylaxis of the sinus sinus cyst suggests fast and effective elimination of all kinds of rhinitis, sinusitis, as well as avoiding the development of polyps of the nose and paranasal cavities. It is these diseases that contribute to the congestion of the nasal mucosa, which leads to blockage of the mucus channels.

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Forecast

It should be noted that the cyst of the maxillary sinus is a rather "harmless" disease. This is not an oncology, not a tumor, but just a fluid accumulation in the bladder.

Prognosis of the cyst of the maxillary sinus, it is worth noting, is unfavorable for those with an abnormal development of the paranasal cavity, as well as for those suffering from chronic sinusitis. Doctors say that the occurrence of cysts is also more likely in people with allergic diseases.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the cyst of the maxillary sinus is not such an eerie diagnosis and it can be cured. In addition, if a person does not feel any discomfort, it means that he can live and not suspect about the existence of such education in his own organism.

Remember that the presence of a cyst can be determined only by radiography, tomography, contrast agent injection or biopsy and sounding. Alternatively, the cyst of the maxillary sinus can not be cured, so if it is found, it is worth consulting with an otolaryngologist about further actions and possible methods of treatment.

Know that self-medication is unsafe for your body, and the best way to avoid the occurrence of the cyst of the maxillary sinus is not to get sick either on time and properly treated.

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